VeriMills, home page Start an enquiryEnquiry Weekly summaryWeekly Search
Shirts and jackets in muted colours hanging on a chrome rail beside a dress form.
Garment numbers

Demand by market

Whether your market is ordering: Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States and Saudi Arabia, each read from its own record.

What European retailers say they will order

The share of EU27 retailers expecting to place more orders with their suppliers over the coming three months, less the share expecting fewer. A seasonally adjusted percentage balance running from -100 to +100. This is the order book itself rather than a proxy for it.

-21.3 -14.0 -6.7 0.6 Apr 25 Dec 25 Sept 26
  • Retailer order expectations, next three months -3.4 balance +2.7 since Apr 25
  • Consumer confidence -15.8 balance -0.6 since Apr 25
Seasonally adjusted percentage balances, Apr 25 to Sept 26. Both series run from -100 to +100, so they share one scale. A negative reading means the pessimists outnumber the optimists, which for consumer confidence is the normal state and tells you little on its own; the direction is the signal.
Show the monthly survey balances as a table
Period Retailer order expectations, next three monthsConsumer confidence
Apr 25 -6.1-15.2
May 25 -5.5-13.7
Jun 25 -6.5-14.0
Jul 25 -6.4-13.8
Aug 25 -4.6-14.3
Sept 25 -4.0-13.6
Oct 25 -3.3-12.8
Nov 25 -3.0-12.9
Dec 25 -3.6-13.1
Jan 26 -2.9-12.5
Feb 26 -2.8-12.2
Mar 26 -4.4-15.8
Apr 26 -6.2-19.8
May 26 -7.1-18.2
Jun 26 -8.2-17.0
Jul 26 -4.7-15.2
Aug 26 -0.9-15.0
Sept 26 -3.4-15.8
What this means for the European order book

What this is The Eurostat survey balance of what European clothing retailers expect their own order books to do over the coming three months, published monthly.

How to read it The two lines are balances of opinion, not quantities: each month's value is the share of answers saying better minus the share saying worse, on a scale from minus 100 to plus 100 where zero means the two camps are equal. A line below zero means the pessimists outnumber the optimists, which for consumer confidence is the usual state. Read the direction and the turning points rather than the level; the cards under the chart carry the latest single readings with their month.

What moves it European consumer demand and the stock retailers are already sitting on. It is a balance of opinion: the share expecting more, less the share expecting less.

How to use it It is the earliest free read on European demand there is, because it records intention rather than shipments and therefore turns before any customs figure.

The trap A balance of opinion is not a volume, so it can be firmly negative while imports still grow. It crosses zero, which is why the chart reports an absolute change in balance points rather than a percentage: a percentage change on a series that goes negative is meaningless.

Eurostat survey

Retailers expected orders placed with suppliers, next three months

-3.4balance, September 2026

Down 2.5 on the month · -4.0 a year ago

The share of EU27 retailers expecting to place more orders with their suppliers over the coming three months, less the share expecting fewer. A seasonally adjusted percentage balance running from -100 to +100. This is the order book itself rather than a proxy for it.

Source: Eurostat, dataset ei_bsrt_m_r2, last updated 29/09/26 11:00:00. Open the dataset (opens in a new tab)

Eurostat survey

Consumer confidence indicator, EU27

-15.8balance, September 2026

Down 0.8 on the month · -13.6 a year ago

The EU27 consumer confidence indicator, a seasonally adjusted percentage balance running from -100 to +100. Negative readings mean pessimists outnumber optimists, which is the normal state of this series.

Source: Eurostat, dataset ei_bsco_m, last updated 29/09/26 11:00:00. Open the dataset (opens in a new tab)

Why this matters more than it looks: the customs figures below are two months old before they are published. This survey is published within a month and asks about the three months ahead, so between them they cover roughly five months that the trade data cannot see.

EU27 imports by supplying country

The twelve months August 2025 to July 2026 for each supplier tracked here, against the same twelve months a year earlier, with July 2026 on its own in the last two columns. The euro per kilogram column is where the story usually is: two countries can grow at the same rate while one is trading up and the other is being squeezed.

Eurostat updated 15/09/26 11:00:00

Two years of monthly value

-9 1161 2332 3502 Aug 24 Jul 25 Jul 26
  • China 2997 €m -8.1% since Aug 24
  • Bangladesh 1730 €m +6.5% since Aug 24
  • Turkey 738 €m -14.2% since Aug 24
  • Vietnam 443 €m +12.1% since Aug 24
  • Pakistan 325 €m -0.1% since Aug 24
EU27 imports of apparel, HS 61 and HS 62 combined, millions of euros per month. The four largest suppliers plus Pakistan. Seasonality is real here: European buying peaks ahead of the autumn and spring seasons, so compare a month with the same month a year earlier, never with last month.
Show the monthly values as a table
Period ChinaBangladeshTurkeyVietnamPakistan
Aug 24 32601625859395326
Sept 24 32161537770408298
Oct 24 30471754821437343
Nov 24 24471544691381329
Dec 24 23041542708353312
Jan 25 26131912875411355
Feb 25 21981662679335337
Mar 25 22192110700359350
Apr 25 18141869656311302
May 25 18611437683308290
Jun 25 22701356678335237
Jul 25 31431668787398350
Aug 25 31381492678416320
Sept 25 32211792713455368
Oct 25 28881420639409317
Nov 25 25671383614389333
Dec 25 24661366655407314
Jan 26 24731430624371289
Feb 26 21401455574341279
Mar 26 22381710630340291
Apr 26 21001516599336233
May 26 19621198598313253
Jun 26 25121334622407290
Jul 26 29971730738443325
EU27 apparel imports by supplying country over the twelve months August 2025 to July 2026, with the knitted and woven split and the euro per kilogram, the change against August 2024 to July 2025, and July 2026 on its own against July 2025.
Supplier 12 months to July 2026 Against the 12 before July 2026 alone
Value Share Knitted Woven €/kg Value Volume €/kg Value vs Jul 2025
China €30.70bn 38.3% €16.44bn €14.27bn 18.92 +1.0% +9.0% -7.3% €3.00bn -4.6%
Bangladesh €17.83bn 22.2% €10.76bn €7.07bn 13.54 -10.9% -2.1% -8.9% €1.73bn +3.7%
Turkey €7.68bn 9.6% €4.52bn €3.16bn 26.93 -13.7% -15.2% +1.8% €738m -6.3%
Vietnam €4.63bn 5.8% €2.04bn €2.59bn 28.54 +4.5% -4.4% +9.3% €443m +11.2%
Cambodia €4.43bn 5.5% €2.58bn €1.85bn 17.33 -2.6% -4.1% +1.5% €422m +4.1%
India €4.15bn 5.2% €2.12bn €2.03bn 19.42 -9.2% -5.2% -4.1% €380m -10.6%
Pakistan €3.61bn 4.5% €1.77bn €1.84bn 11.09 -5.7% +4.5% -9.7% €325m -6.9%
Morocco €2.62bn 3.3% €703m €1.91bn 31.86 -5.4% -6.6% +1.3% €252m -6.9%
United Kingdom €1.61bn 2.0% €738m €872m 66.10 -2.4% +3.4% -5.6% €126m -3.9%
Sri Lanka €1.28bn 1.6% €795m €484m 25.57 -7.7% -6.3% -1.5% €113m -14.8%
Indonesia €908m 1.1% €366m €542m 24.54 -9.2% -10.4% +1.4% €87m -2.3%
Egypt €760m 0.9% €353m €407m 19.48 +16.4% +10.8% +5.0% €70m +14.9%
These twelve €80.20bn 100% €43.17bn €37.03bn 18.17 -4.7% +0.6% -5.3% €7.68bn -2.3%

The twelve months before are August 2024 to July 2025. The sum of the 12 partners tracked here, not all EU27 imports. HS 61, articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted and HS 62, articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted. The euro per kilogram is calculated by us from the value and the quantity Eurostat publishes; Eurostat does not publish a price. The data is 3 months behind, which is normal for customs statistics.

The United Kingdom, counted separately

Since Brexit the UK is not inside the EU27 numbers above. It bought £15.80bn of apparel over the twelve months August 2025 to July 2026 from 163 countries, £1.28bn of it in July 2026, and a seller who reads only the EU figures has left that out of their market entirely.

HMRC, 3 months behind

Total, 12 months

All UK apparel imports

£15.80bnAugust 2025 to July 2026

-0.6% on the twelve months before by value, -3.3% by weight

Weight fell further than value, so the average pound per kilogram rose from £17.25 to £17.72.

July 2026 alone: £1.28bn, -10.1% on July 2025 by value and -17.5% by weight.

Imports from inside and outside the EU are added together. Eurostat publishes them as two separate flows, and the inside-EU flow on its own leaves out Bangladesh, China and Pakistan.

Split, 12 months

Knitted against woven

  • Knitted, HS 61 £8.87bn +0.1%
  • Woven, HS 62 £6.93bn -1.5%

Over the twelve months woven did 1.6 percentage points worse than knitted. Take the figure for your own chapter to your planning meeting, not the total.

July 2026 alone: knitted £730m (-9.6%), woven £555m (-10.7%) on July 2025. One month swings with the shipping calendar, so judge the split on the twelve months.

The fifteen largest suppliers of apparel to the United Kingdom over the twelve months August 2025 to July 2026, with the knitted and woven split, the pound per kilogram against August 2024 to July 2025, the value change, and July 2026 on its own against July 2025.
Supplier 12 months to July 2026 Against the 12 before July 2026 alone
Value Share Knitted Woven £/kg £/kg was Value Value vs Jul 2025
China £3.13bn 19.8% £1.77bn £1.36bn 14.90 14.93 -5.0% £272m -8.2%
Bangladesh £3.06bn 19.4% £1.91bn £1.15bn 12.18 12.39 +3.4% £237m -17.1%
Italy £960m 6.1% £413m £547m 51.13* 66.63 -1.3% £92m -4.8%
India £883m 5.6% £419m £464m 15.65 15.67 +1.7% £64m -13.9%
Turkey £853m 5.4% £646m £208m 19.08 16.28 -6.2% £76m -5.9%
Netherlands £773m 4.9% £424m £348m 32.66 29.40 -3.7% £59m -3.8%
Cambodia £687m 4.3% £482m £206m 14.81 13.95 +2.4% £56m -13.9%
Pakistan £669m 4.2% £425m £244m 10.25 8.99 -2.0% £51m -13.3%
Spain £578m 3.7% £264m £314m 25.46 26.16 +12.4% £45m +38.2%
Vietnam £562m 3.6% £261m £302m 25.27 25.27 +7.1% £47m -13.4%
France £549m 3.5% £238m £311m 60.72 57.91 -6.7% £47m +1.7%
Sri Lanka £399m 2.5% £230m £169m 15.43 14.09 -2.8% £31m -32.7%
Belgium £326m 2.1% £251m £75m 52.73 45.43* +3.4% £27m +5.9%
Germany £324m 2.1% £164m £160m 36.06 30.81* +2.7% £28m -8.0%
Ireland £312m 2.0% £126m £186m 30.48 22.01 +54.4% £14m -17.7%

Fifteen of the 163 countries that supplied the UK over the twelve months, ranked by their twelve month value; the twelve before are August 2024 to July 2025. Both the EU and non-EU import flows are added together: the EU flow alone would leave out Bangladesh, China and Pakistan entirely.

* The weight was recorded differently in some months. Every pound per kilogram here is the value divided by the weight HMRC recorded. A month is marked when its figure is under half or over twice that supplier's usual level, the middle of its monthly figures across the 24 months August 2024 to July 2026. An average clothing price rarely halves or doubles from one month to the next, so such a month points to a change in how the weight was recorded, and a per kilogram figure that includes it should not be relied on. The values are not affected. Only the fifteen suppliers in the table are checked, so the all countries figures in the cards above include these months as recorded.

  • Italy: June 2026 and July 2026 read £21.42 and £17.57 a kilogram against its usual £67.38. Leaving them out, the twelve months read £79.02 rather than £51.13.
  • Belgium: October 2024 read £21.27 a kilogram against its usual £50.19. Leaving it out, the twelve months before read £50.29 rather than £45.43.
  • Germany: December 2024 read £8.84 a kilogram against its usual £39.43. Leaving it out, the twelve months before read £39.00 rather than £30.81.

Sources, and what is our own arithmetic

Source: Eurostat. Source: Eurostat. Reproduced under the European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU), which allows free reuse with the source acknowledged. Euro per kilogram unit values are calculated by VeriMills from Eurostat data and are not Eurostat figures; Eurostat publishes the value and the quantity, not the price.

Source: HM Revenue and Customs. Source: HM Revenue and Customs. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Pound per kilogram unit values are calculated by VeriMills from HMRC value and net mass and are not HMRC figures.

Read on 14 October 2026. Both bodies publish a value and a quantity. Neither publishes a price, so every euro or pound per kilogram on this page is our division of the one by the other, and is presented as ours.

A per kilogram figure is an average across every grade and every garment in the chapter, so it is a good instrument for direction and a bad one for quoting. Use it to see who is trading up and who is being squeezed, not to price a style.

Eurostat copyright and reuse notice (opens in a new tab) Open Government Licence v3.0 (opens in a new tab)

Eurostat Comext database (opens in a new tab) HMRC uktradeinfo (opens in a new tab)

The United States, by supplier country

Europe above leads with a survey because a survey turns before customs data does. The United States has no equivalent worth printing, so it is read the other way: the actual import record, twelve months against the twelve before, with the latest month against the same month a year earlier.

Next trade tables read Sat 14 Nov, 10:00 PKT

Brands, 12 months

Which countries supply US clothing

US imports of knitted and woven apparel (HS 61 and 62) over the twelve months August 2025 to July 2026, against the twelve before. All countries: $74.7B (-9.3%). Knitted $42.8B (-8.3%), woven $31.9B (-10.7%). July 2026 alone: $6.86B (-11.2% on July 2025).

United States apparel imports by supplier country over the twelve months August 2025 to July 2026, with the change against August 2024 to July 2025, and July 2026 on its own against July 2025.
Country 12 months On the year Jul 2026 vs Jul 2025
Vietnam $16.4B +1.7% $1,501M -10.3%
China $8.77B -43.0% $1,058M -15.0%
Bangladesh $7.58B -4.0% $630M -10.8%
Cambodia $5.14B +18.8% $498M +3.3%
Indonesia $4.73B +1.6% $404M -1.4%
India $4.12B -20.4% $334M -28.7%
Mexico $2.61B -7.8% $230M -9.0%
Pakistan $2.35B +0.8% $204M -14.7%
What this means for US apparel orders

What this is US apparel imports under HS 61 and HS 62 by supplier country, in dollars at the US customs value, from United Nations Comtrade: the twelve months August 2025 to July 2026 against the twelve before them, and July 2026 on its own.

How to read it The sentence above the table gives all countries together over the twelve months, splits it between knitted and woven clothing, and then gives July 2026 alone. In the table each row is one supplier country: first the dollars of clothing the United States bought from it over the twelve months (B means billions, M millions), then the change on the twelve months before, then July 2026 on its own and its change on July 2025. A green plus is growing business for that country, a brown minus is shrinking business. A country whose twelve month change is better than the all countries figure is winning share.

What moves it Retail demand in the United States, tariff changes, and brands shifting programmes between countries.

How to use it See whether your supplier country is holding its share of US business. Share moving away usually appears here months before anybody mentions it to you.

The trap Customs data arrives about two months late and is revised afterwards. One month swings with the shipping calendar, so judge a country on the twelve months and use the latest month only to see which way it is turning. These are values at the foreign port, before freight, insurance and duty, so they sit below any landed cost.

UN Comtrade, as reported by the US. Values are the US customs value: what the goods were worth at the foreign port, before freight, insurance and US duty. The twelve month figures add up the twelve months shown; the latest month is shown on its own beside them. Recent months are preliminary and are read again on every run. Read on 14 October 2026. One anonymous link carries one chapter, so here are both, for July 2026: knitted, 61 (opens in a new tab) woven, 62 (opens in a new tab)

Who supplies Saudi Arabia

Shares of the $4.39bn Saudi Arabia imported in 2025. Shares rather than values, deliberately: see the note under the table.

Full year 2025

The share of Saudi Arabian apparel imports supplied by each of the six largest Asian and Turkish suppliers in 2025, knitted and woven separately.
Supplier Share of all apparel Share of knitted Share of woven
China 51.6% 50.4% 52.5%
India 13.6% 18.4% 9.7%
Bangladesh 7.8% 9.9% 6.2%
Turkiye 3.3% 3.7% 2.9%
Viet Nam 2.5% 2.5% 2.4%
Pakistan 2.4% 2.0% 2.8%
Everyone else 18.9% n/a n/a
What this means for the Saudi supplier table

What this is The share of Saudi Arabian apparel imports held by each of the six largest Asian and Turkish suppliers in the latest full year, knitted and woven separately.

How to read it Each row is one supplier country, with Pakistan tinted as the home row. The three columns are that country's slice of everything Saudi Arabia imported, then its slice of knitted clothing only, then of woven only; every figure is a percentage of the Saudi market, never dollars. The first column plus the Everyone else row adds up to one hundred; the knitted and woven remainders are not broken out, which is what n/a marks.

What moves it Retail expansion in the Gulf, freight and duty changes, and brands moving programmes between supplier countries. The year advances when UN Comtrade publishes the next full one.

How to use it Read who already serves the market, and how far the leaders sit from it, before assuming anything about where Gulf orders can be won.

The trap These are shares of CIF customs values, not dollar figures, for the licensing reason under the table. A share of imports says nothing about prices, sizes, modesty requirements or what Gulf buyers actually ask for; none of that is in this table.

Why shares and not dollars. UN Comtrade's terms do not clearly permit a for-profit site to re-disseminate raw values, and until that is settled in writing we do not put a table of them on a new page. A share is arithmetic we performed on their figures, which is a different thing, and it is also the number you would have worked out anyway. The dollar totals for each market are in the table above because they are the headline the source itself publishes. Check it yourself, pre-filled, one chapter per link: knitted, 61 (opens in a new tab) woven, 62 (opens in a new tab)

What this says to a Pakistani mill. Pakistan holds 2.4% of the largest apparel market in the Gulf, against 7.8% for Bangladesh and 13.6% for India. The Gulf is far nearer to Pakistan than China, Bangladesh or Vietnam are, and it is being served overwhelmingly from further off. That is a gap, not a verdict, and the honest reading of it is that nobody has told you what the buyers there want or what price they clear at. Neither of those is in this table.

When to buy

The calendar

Ramadan, the Eids and the peak season, with the Gulf retail year, so an order lands before the shelves fill rather than after.

Open the calendar
Sources

Where these figures come from

Eurostat, HMRC, the US Census and UN Comtrade, each with what it costs, the licence it is used under, and when it publishes next.

Open the sources
The brand sourcing office

Want a factory quote?

We source made to order fabric, garments and trims from Pakistan, Bangladesh and China, inspected by an independent third party before shipment.

Start an enquiry

Search this site

Searches every page, every product category, every named section and every question by its title, its one line description and the distinctive words of its text. The site map lists everything.